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NIGERIA

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Civil Unions, Partners: Domestic, Registered Legislation/Cases/References
See also: [MARRIAGE]
1.

National

On 13 January 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan signed the Same-Sex Prohibition Act into law making same-sex marriage and relationships unlawful with penalties of up to 14 years in prison [R1.1].

2.

States

On 30 May 2018, Benue State House of Assembly reportedly passed a Bill (the 'Same Sex Marriage Prohibition Law') prohibiting a marriage contract or civil union entered into between persons of same sex in the state. The Bill also prohibits the registration of Gay Clubs, Societies and Organisations, their sustenance, procession and meeting as well as public show of Same sex amorous relationship directly or indirectly [R2.1].

3.

Courts & Tribunals

In April 2008, two women in Kaduna, Nigeria were sentenced to six months in prison and 20 lashes each for having a lesbian relationship, the Sharia court said that Malama Hauwa and Hajiya Ai'sha were violating the tenets of Islam and the teachings of Sharia law [R3.1].

R1.1 Reuters US: Nigerian leader signs anti-gay law, drawing U.S. fire 13 JAN 14
R2.1 TheSun: Benue Assembly passes Same Sex Prohibition law 30 MAY 18
R3.1 PinkNews: Nigerian Sharia Court Punishes Lesbian Couple 11 APR 08
Discrimination Legislation/Cases/References
1.

National

On 13 January 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan signed the Same-Sex Marriager (Prohibition) Act into law making same-sex marriage and relationships unlawful with penalties of up to 14 years in prison [R1.4].

In January 2007, proposed legislation which would criminalize same-sex unions and GLBTI organisations, was been expanded to include people who celebrate or support. It would also ban the recognition of same-sex unions that took place in countries where they are legal. same-sex unions. [R1.3].

The passing of the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Bill 2006 " … into Nigerian law was effectively derailed by international and local outrage, including opposition by local groups such as the House of Rainbow (MCC-Nigeria), Global Rights Nigeria and the International Centre for Sexual Rights and Education (INCRESE) … " [R1.2].

In April 2006, proposed legislation to criminalize same-sex unions and GLBTI organisations, was expanded to include people who celebrate or support same-sex unions, imposing five years imprisonment for "those who violate the proposed law, including those who witness, celebrate with or support couples involved in [a] homosexual relationship" [R1.1].

2.

Courts & Tribunals

On 18 November 2018, it was reported that Justice Nnamdi Dimgba in Abuja Division of the Federal High Court dismissed as suit filed on behalf of ''Lesbian Equality and Empowerment Initiatives'', finding it lacking in merit. The suit challenged the refusal of the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) , to register a same sex group. The Judge cited Section 30 (1) (c) of the Companies And Allied Matters Act (CAMA) Cap C20 Laws of Federation of Nigeria 2004 that reads: ''No company shall be registered under this Act by a name which- (c) in the opinion of the Commission is capable of being misleading as to the nature or extent of its activities or is undesirable, offensive or otherwise contrary to public policy'' [R2.1].

R1.4 Reuters US: Nigerian leader signs anti-gay law, drawing U.S. fire 13 JAN 14
R1.3 MCV: Nigeria Toughens Anti-Gay Stance 25 JAN 07
R1.2 MCV: Homoglobia: Outlawed No 374 06 MAR 08, page 10
R1.1 MCV: Nigeria Tightens Gay Ban 21 APR 06
Homosexuality, Sodomy Legislation/Cases/References
1.

National

The law in Nigeria prohibits consensual sex between male same-sex couples. Consensual sex between lesbians is not mentioned [R1.6].

Under Nigerian Law, sex between men is punishable by up to 14 years in prison. Under Islamic Sharia law, which governs parts of Nigeria, the penalty for homosexual sex is death by stoning [R1.6].


On 13 January 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan signed the Same-Sex Prohibition Act into law making same-sex marriage and relationships unlawful with penalties of up to 14 years in prison [R1.5].

On 28 March 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan was reported to have pardoned Bello Magaji, a former military officer who was sentenced for sodomizing four teen boys [R1.4].


In August 2007, eighteen Nigerian men were arrested at a hotel and charged with sodomy following gay marriage celebrations in Bauchi. Sharia law, which operates in the Islamic Bauchi State means the men could face death by stoning if found guilty [R1.3].


In July 2006, "sexual deviancy" law was amended stating that sodomy is "any act involving contact between two males that would be regarded by a reasonable person as an indecent act", making it a criminal offense for two people of the same sex to hold hands, hug, or kiss [R1.2].


In April 2006, proposed legislation to criminalize same-sex unions and GLBTI organisations, was expanded to include people who celebrate or support same-sex unions and resulting in far-reaching consequences not only for gays and lesbians, but anyone who freely associates with them [R1.1].


Since 2000, over a dozen Nigerians have been sentenced to death for sexual offences including homosexuality and adultery since Sharia law was introduced in northern Nigeria, though most sentences were commuted to prison terms [R1.2].

2.

State

On 10 September 2018, Yobe State governor, Ibrahim Gaidamit reportedly signed into law the State Penal Code. Amendment Law 2018, which prescribed punishment for rape, kidnapping and unnatural offences. Whoever commits rape, where the victim is a minor, shall be punished with imprisonment for life and where the victim is an adult, shall be jailed for a term of 25 years [R2.1].

3.

Courts & Tribunals

On 30 August 2018, the State Criminal Intelligence and Investigation Department (SCIID), Panti-Yaba, Lagos, reportedly arraigned fifty-seven youths between the ages of 20 and 33 before a Chief Magistrate Kikelomo Ayeye led-court, on three counts charge, bordering on conspiracy, belonging to a secret cult, and unlawful gathering. The defendants were arrested after investigation revealed that they engaged in homosexual activities. All the defendants pleaded not guilty to the charges and were granted bail in the sum of N200,000, with one surety each [R3.10].

On 03 August 2017, 28 adults and 12 minors were reportedly arraigned before the Ebute-Metta Magistrate Court on a one-count charge: ''On or about 29th July 2017, at Vintage Hotel, No. 999 Ikorodu Road/Toyin Close, Weigh Bridge, Owode Onirin, Lagos, in the Lagos Magisterial District, did engage in gay activities by permitting male persons to have canal knowledge of themselves against the order of nature and thereby committed an offence punishable under Section 261 of the Criminal Law of Lagos State, 2015''. All pleaded not guilty. Chief Magistrate Adewale Ojo granted bail to the defendants in the sum of N500, 000 and two sureties in like sum [R3.9].

On 06 June 2017, it was reported that police had dropped charges against Paul Frank, 31, and Christian Ejimofor, 22, were both arrested in December 2016 and charged with conspiracy, unlawful carnal knowledge and stealing. On 30 May, both men were released having spent 50 days in prison [R3.8].

On 28 December 2016, Chief Magistrates Mrs MC Ojobo in the Oredo Magistrates' Court in the Edo State capital Benin reportedly ordered the remand of two men, Paul Frank, 31, and Ejimofor Christian, 22, for allegedly engaging in homosexual carnal knowledge of each other [R3.7].

On 24 November 2016, a magistrates court in Damaturu reportedly sentenced four persons, Ali Sherif, 30, Yusuf Mukaila, 45, Sule Hassan, 32 and Mustapha Usman, 23, to seven years in prison following their conviction on charges of homosexuality [R3.6].

On 06 March 2014, an Islamic court in Bauchi city reportedly sentenced four men aged between 20 and 22 to 15 strokes of the whip on the buttocks and a year's imprisonment if they cannot pay a fine of $120 [R3.5].

On 16 January 2014, it was reported that Judge Nuhu Mohammed in the northern Bauchi Sharia Court ordered Mubarak Ibrahim retroactively punished with 20 lashes and a fine of 5,000 naira (about $30) for violating the recently enacted Same-Sex Prohibition Act [R3.4].

On 17 September 2012, Senior Magistrate, Nafisatu Buba, sentenced Bestwood Chukwuemeka, a 28 year-old actor, resident of Gidan Mangoro, to a three-month term of imprisonment without an option of fine, for having consexual gay sex with another man [R3.3].

In April 2008, in sentencing two women in Kaduna, Nigeria to six months in prison and 20 lashes each for having a lesbian relationship, the Sharia court said that Malama Hauwa and Hajiya Ai'sha were violating the tenets of Islam and the teachings of Sharia law [R3.2].

In 2004, the Upper Sharia Court of Bauchi State in northern Nigeria quashed Jubrin Babaji's sentence of death by stoning for "sodomy" on appeal [R3.1].

R1.7 ILGA: Legal Status of Homosexuality 1996
R1.6 MCV: Homoglobia: Outlawed No 374 06 MAR 08, page 10
R1.5 Reuters US: Nigerian leader signs anti-gay law, drawing U.S. fire 13 JAN 14
R1.4 GayStarNews: Nigerian president pardons 'gay' man jailed for sodomy 28 MAR 13
R1.3 MCV: Nigerian Marriage Raid 16 AUG 07
R1.2 365Gay.com: Same-Sex Handholding Now Illegal in Zimbabwe 17 JUL 06
R1.1 MCV: Nigeria Tightens Gay Ban 21 APR 06
R2.1 TheGuardian: Gaidam signs bill against rape, homosexuality 11 SEP 18
3. Courts & Tribunals
R3.10 ThisDay: Police Arraign 57 Youths for Alleged Homosexuality 31 AUG 18
R3.9 DailyPost 03 August 2017 | Chijioke Jannah 28 men, 12 boys land in court for having sex with each other in Lagos 03 AUG 17
R3.8 76Crimes: Nigerian court releases 2 charged with homosexuality 06 JUN 17
R3.7 NigerianWatch: Benin magistrates court remands two gay men in custody for engaging in unnatural act 29 DEC 16
R3.6 InformationNigeria: Four Men Jailed For Homosexuality In Yobe State 25 NOV 16
R3.5 Aljazerra: Nigeria court orders men whipped for gay sex 06 MAR 14
R3.4 TheAdvocate: Nigerian Beaten for Sex With a Man 7 Years Ago 16 JAN 14
R3.3 GayStarNews: Nigeria gives man three months jail for gay sex 18 SEP 12
R3.2 PinkNews: Nigerian Sharia Court Punishes Lesbian Couple 11 APR 08
R3.1 Amnesty International: Nigeria: Another sentence to death by stoning under new Sharia penal law quashed on appeal 25 MAR 04

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Marriage Legislation/Cases/References
1.

National

On 13 January 2014, President Goodluck Jonathan signed the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act into law making same-sex marriage and relationships unlawful with penalties of up to 14 years in prison [R1.13].

On 17 December 2013, the National Assembly conference committee on the Same-Sex Bill - stipulating that only marriage contracted between a man and a woman either under Islamic Law, Customary Law or the Marriage Act is recognised as valid - ratified the recommendation of 14-year jail term for offenders, calling on President Goodluck Jonathan to immediately sign the harmonized bill into law when finally passed both chambers [R1.12].

On 28 July 2013, Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Ogbole Amedu Ode denied a 22 July 2013 report that Minister of Foreign Affairs Olugbenga Ashiru had said that Nigeria would accept gay diplomats and their “spouses” posted to the country [R1.11].

On 22 July 2013, Nigerian Minister of Foreign Affairs Olugbenga Ashiru said in London that Nigeria will allow foreign diplomats married to people of the same sex into the country despite its ban on same-sex marriage and homosexuality [R1.10].

On 30 May 2013, the House of Representatives passed a Bill adopted by the Senate in 2011 making same-sex marriage unlawful and setting jail terms of up to 14 years for offenders. The bill also envisages prison sentences up to 10 years for anyone who participates in gay clubs or organisations [R1.9].

On 13 November 2012, the House of Representatives supported the Senate Bill to outlaw same-sex marriage. A motion that the Bill be referred to the Committee of Whole was unanimously adopted by members through a voice vote [R1.8].

On 29 November 2011, the Senate passed an amended Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Bill 2011, that imposes an increased 14-year jail term for marrying a person of the same sex. It also criminalizes witnessing of such marriages, affection expressed publicly between members of the same sex, and a ban on the existence of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender organizations. The legislation must be passed by the House of Representatives and signed by President Goodluck Jonathan before it becomes law [L1.7], [R1.6].

In October 2011, the Senate reportedly approved bill SB 05 Same Gender Marriage (Prohibition) Bill 2011 that would see people jailed for three years for marrying a person of the same sex. Anyone who witnessed, abetted or aided in the solemnisation of a same-sex marriage could receive up to five years in prison [L1.5], [R1.4].

In January 2009, Nigeria's House of Representatives voted unanimously to ban same-sex marriage [R1.3].

In 2008, HB 150 the Same Gender Marriage (Prohibition) Bill 2008: An Act to Prohibit Marriage between persons of same gender, solemnization of same and for other matters related therwith eas introduced to the Parliament [L1.2].

Previously:

In January 2007, a bill banning same-sex marriage was being debated in the parliament, the sub-clauses of which would ban membership of a gay or lesbian group, and advocating gay and lesbian equality, hosting or visiting a gay website, renting or selling a property to a same-sex couple, taking or possessing photos of a gay or lesbian couple, and even expressions of same-sex love in letters or emails. Violations would be punished with an automatic five-year jail sentence [R1.1].

The 1990 Marriage Act refers to marriage as being between a man and a wife (Section 27) as does the First Schedule of the Matrimonial Causes Act [R1.0].

2.

States

On 30 May 2018, Benue State House of Assembly reportedly passed a Bill (the 'Same Sex Marriage Prohibition Law') prohibiting a marriage contract or civil union entered into between persons of same sex in the state. The Bill also prohibits the registration of Gay Clubs, Societies and Organisations, their sustenance, procession and meeting as well as public show of Same sex amorous relationship directly or indirectly [R2.1].

3.

Courts & Tribunals

On 22 October 2014, Federal High Court Judge Abdu Kafarati dismissed the action of London based Teriah Joseph Ebah contesting the constitutionality of the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013. The Court held that Ebah, being married, lacked the requisite standing to sue on behalf of other Nigerians and was not personally injured by the law [R3.5].

On 25 September 2015, it was reported that the expected ruling in the Same-sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act case had been postponed for a second time, re-scheduled from 25 September to the 21st of October, 2014 [R3.4].

On 08 April 2014, it was reported that Justice Abdul Kafarati in the Federal High Court had set 28 April for the hearing the challenge to the constitutionality of the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013, filed by Teriah Joseph Ebah on 13 March [C3.3], [R3.2].

On 21 March 2014, a lawsuit was reportedly filed (17 March 2014) on behalf of UK based Nigerian, Teriah Joseph Ebah before Justice Abdul Kafarati of the Federal High Court Abuja seeking an injunctive order restraining the Federal Government from further enforcing the provisions of the Same-sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act and its declaration as "unconstitutional, null and void" [R3.1].

.
R1.13 Reuters US: Nigerian leader signs anti-gay law, drawing U.S. fire 13 JAN 14
R1.12 Afrique en ligne: Same-Sex marriage prohibition law in Nigeria 18 DEC 13
R1.11 GayStarNews: Nigeria does about-face on gay married diplomats 29 JUL 13
R1.10 GayStarNews: Nigeria will allow foreign diplomats who are same-sex married to serve 23 JUL 13
R1.9 BBC News | Africa: Nigerian parliament bans same-sex marriage 30 MAY 13
R1.8 Nigerian Tribune: Reps support senate to outlaw same-sex marriage 13 NOV 12
L1.7 The Senate: SB.05: Same Gender Marriage (Prohibition) Bill, 2011 PDF 670.20kb, 05 DEC 11
R1.6 Reuters Africa: Nigeria's Senate passes controversial anti-gay bill 29 NOV 11
L1.5 The Senate: Same Gender Marriage (Prohibition) Bill 2011 PDF 47.48kb,
R1.4 StarOnline: Nigerian prison bill approved 10 OCT 11
R1.3 MCV: Nigerian MPs Ban Gay Marriage 22 JAN 09
L1.2 House of Representatives: HB 150 Same Gender Marriage (Prohibition) Bill PDF 18.71kb, 22 DEC 08
R1.1 MCV: Nigeria Toughens Anti-Gay Stance 25 JAN 07
R1.0 Nigeria Law: Marriage Act Chapter 218 (Accessed 11 JUN 13)
Nigeria Law: Matrimonial Causes Act (Accessed 11 JUN 13)
States
R2.1 TheSun: Benue Assembly passes Same Sex Prohibition law 30 MAY 18
Courts & Tribunals
R3.5 The Guardian: Court dismisses pro-same sex marriage suit 22 OCT 14
R3.4 NigerianBulletin: Anti-Gay Law Repeal: Ruling Postponed Until October 21 25 SEP 14
C3.3 Ebah Joseph Teriah v. Federal Government of Nigeria No. FHC/ABJ/CS/197/2014, 13 MAR 14
R3.2 AllAfrica: Nigeria: Same Sex Marriage Suit - Court Fixes April 28 for Hearing 08 APR 14
R3.1 Vanguard: UK based Nigerian asks court to declare same-sex marriage law unconstitutional, null and void 21 MAR 14
Parenting, Adoption, Fostering Legislation/Cases/References
See also: [CUSTODY] [FOSTERING] [PARTNERS]
1.

National

Under the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Bill 2006 adoption of children by persons of the same sex would be specifically prohibited.

The passing of the Bill " … into Nigerian law was effectively derailed by international and local outrage, including opposition by local groups such as the House of Rainbow (MCC-Nigeria), Global Rights Nigeria and the International Centre for Sexual Rights and Education (INCRESE) … " [R1.1].

R1.1 MCV: Homoglobia: Outlawed No 374 06 MAR 08, page 10

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